EMT Practice Test

1. Question Content...

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Question1: As a consultant, you have been hired by ABC Company to implement an outdoor WLAN connection between two buildings that are 2 kilometers (1.24 miles) from each other, with no obstructions in between.
Your first required objective is to create a point-to-point link between the two buildings within the local regulatory body's 800 mW EIRP maximum.
Your second required objective is to provide an industry-standard security solution capable of supporting mutual authentication.
As an optional objective, you must minimize the amount of interference from, and to, nearby WLAN networks.
You install an OFDM wireless bridge at each building, configuring one in root mode and the other in non- root mode. You set each radio for 100 mW (20 dBm) and attach 9 dBi omni-directional antennas to both.
You configure the network for WPA2-Enterprise with PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 authentication.
Which statement is true about the solution you chose to deploy?

Question2: What problems may exist for a multiple channel architecture (MCA) WLAN when its APs are all operating at full power (typically 100mW)? (Choose 2)

Question3: When performing a site survey for a Multiple Channel Architecture (MCA) system in a multi-tenant building with five floors, what aspect should you, as the site surveyor, keep in mind?

Question4: Which answer correctly completes the following sentence?
The WMM certification, created by the Wi-Fi Alliance, is based on the ___________ coordination function with support for ___________ QoS priority.

Question5: You are using a tool that allows you to see signal strength for all APs in the area with a visual representation. It shows you SSIDs available and the security settings for each SSID. It allows you to filter by frequency band to see only 2.4 GHz networks or only 5 GHz networks. No additional features are available. What kind of application is described?

Question6: You are being interviewed by ABC Company for employment as a wireless site survey expert. The interviewing manager asks you what items should be included in a site survey report generated as part of a manual site survey process.
What answer would be accurate?

Question7: What component of the 802.11 standard allows stations to reserve access to the RF medium for a specified period of time?

Question8: AP-1 is a 3x3:2 AP. STA-3 is a 3x3:3 client. What is the maximum number of spatial streams that can be used for a downlink HT-OFDM transmission from AP-1 to STA-3?

Question9: When compared with legacy Power Save mode, how does VHT TXOP power save improve battery life for devices on a WLAN?

Question10: As a station moves away from the access point to which it is associated, it changes its data rate from 600 Mbps to 540 Mbps and then to 450 Mbps.
What IEEE 802.11 term or phase is used to describe this functionality?

Question11: A WLAN transmitter that emits a 200 mW signal is connected to a cable with 3 dB loss.
If the cable is connected to an antenna with 10 dBi gain, what is the EIRP at the antenna element?

Question12: What statements describe industry practices for communication protocols between WLAN controllers and controller-based APs? (Choose 2)

Question13: Which of the following frequency ranges are specified for use by IEEE 802.11 radios? (Choose all that apply.)

Question14: As an RF wave propagates through space, the wave front experiences natural expansion that reduces its signal strength in an area. What term describes the rate at which this expansion happens?

Question15: XYZ Company has hired you to perform an indoor site survey of their 5-story facility. They own the building and rents out unused floors (floors 2 and 4) to other companies, and the other companies already use
802.11 WLANs. XYZ Company wants all of the offices they occupy to be surveyed as part of the project.
What actions should be recommended as part of the site survey project? (Choose 2)

Question16: What factors will have the most significant impact on the amount of wireless bandwidth available to each station within a BSS? (Choose 2)

Question17: A company has hired you to perform a pre-deployment site survey of their facility. During an interview, the network manager informs you that the new wireless network must use 5 GHz bands and OFDM, and VoWiFi handsets will be used extensively over the wireless network.
What items do you need to include in the RF site survey report? (Choose 2)

Question18: In an 802.11n 2.4 GHz BSS, what prevents each station from using the full network bandwidth (e.g. 130 Mbps) for user data throughput when multiple clients are actively exchanging data with the AP? (Choose
2)

Question19: In an enterprise WLAN, what condition will prevent a dual-band VHT/HT client device from performing a fast and seamless transition (i.e. latency-sensitive applications are not disrupted) between two access points that are managed by the same WLAN controller?

Question20: What standard is referenced into the 802.11-2012 specification and is recommend for robust WLAN client security?

Question21: In an infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS), how does the passive scanning process occur?

Question22: What feature was introduced in the 802.11h amendment in order to uphold regulatory requirements for 5 GHz operations.

Question23: What factors are taken into account when calculating the Link Budget of a point-to-point outdoor WLAN bridge link?

Question24: Lynne runs a small hotel, and as a value added service for her customers she has implemented a Wi-Fi hot-spot. Lynne has read news articles about how hackers wait at hotspots trying to take advantage of unsuspecting users. She wants to avoid this problem at her hotel.
What is an efficient and practical step that Lynne can take to decrease the likelihood of active attacks on her customers' wireless computers?

Question25: What type of device often causes interference across 50% or more of the 2.4 GHz frequency band?

Question26: When a client moves to a new BSS within an ESS, what step is a part of the 802.11 reassociation process?

Question27: How is throughput capacity scaled in a single channel architecture (SCA) WLAN system?

Question28: XYZ Corporation is experiencing connectivity problems with their existing building-to-building bridge link. A concrete wall on the roof of one building is partially blocking the Fresnel Zone, and the connection is dropping many frames. The administrator moves the antenna to an area not obstructed by the concrete wall and then realizes the RF cable cannot reach the new location.
If an extension cable is added to move the antenna, what are the likely results?

Question29: A Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certificate indicates that a device is a/b/g/n certified. It further indicates one transmit and receive spatial stream for both the 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz bands. It further indicates support for both WPA and WPA2 Enterprise and Personal. Finally, it indicates support for EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS/ MSCHAPv2, PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 and PEAPv1/EAP-GTC. Which one of the following statements is false?

Question30: When using an RF splitter to connect one transceiver to sector antennas loss is incurred. What is this loss called?

Question31: What cause of hidden nodes within a BSS would be more likely lead to an increase in collisions and retries?

Question32: What item is essential for performing a manual RF site survey for a warehouse facility?

Question33: What terms accurately complete the following sentence?
The IEEE 802.11-2012 standard specifies mandatory support of the ___________ cipher suite for Robust Security Network Associations, and optional use of the ___________ cipher suite, which is designed for use with pre-RSNA hardware.

Question34: What information is transmitted in the Beacon management frames of an HT access point to communicate about backward compatibility with ERP and HR/DSSS stations? (Choose 2)

Question35: Which unit of measurement is an absolute unit that is used to quantify power levels on a linear scale?

Question36: In WLAN security, which authentication method always create Layer 2 dynamic encryption keys?

Question37: What phrase correctly completes the following sentence?
When using WMM Power Save operation, a wireless client device ______________.

Question38: The 802.11 protocol specifies a fundamental channel access method that is required for all stations and is available for use in all IBSS and BSS networks.
What is this fundamental channel access method called?

Question39: What term correctly completes the following sentence?
In an 802.11 frame, the IP packet is considered by the MAC layer to be a(n) _________.

Question40: When a client station sends a broadcast probe request frame with a wildcard SSID, how do APs respond?

Question41: ABC Company has a 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN deployment. DFS functionality is enabled as required by the regulatory domain and APs use DFS channels as long as radar is not detected. Band steering is also enabled to encourage dual-band clients to use frequency bands with more capacity.
Your performance analysis shows that many dual-band VoWiFi client devices will move back and forth between 2.4 and 5 GHz as the users roam throughout the building. All APs have 2.4 and 5 GHz radios enabled with transmit power adjusted to accommodate relatively similar cell sizes.
This "band hopping" behavior is viewed by network staff to be undesirable. What is the most likely cause of the unpredictable client band selection behavior?

Question42: What HT technology requires MIMO support on both the transmitter and receiver?

Question43: You are onsite with a client to perform a post-deployment site survey. When verifying a multiple channel VoWiFi deployment using a VoWiFi handset, which aspect is most important?

Question44: You are an independent contractor, hired to perform an indoor site survey and network design for Luxury Full Service Hotels International. The network will support hotel staff and guest users. You are interviewing the network manager to determine business, performance, and security requirements for the future 802.11 WLAN.
What questions should you ask the IT manager? (Choose 2)

Question45: What statement about the IEEE 802.11e QoS facility is true?

Question46: What statement accurately describes the RF cables and connectors that are used in an 802.11 WLAN system?

Question47: You are the network administrator for ABC Company. Your manager has recently attended a wireless security seminar. The seminar speaker taught that a wireless network could be hidden from potential intruders if you disabled the broadcasting of the SSID in Beacons and configured the access points not to respond to Probe Request frames that have a null SSID field.
Your manager suggests implementing these security practices. What response should you give to this suggestion? (Choose 2)

Question48: What is always required to establish a high quality 2.4 GHz RF link at a distance of 3 miles (5 kilometers)?

Question49: What factors are likely to cause the greatest impact on the application layer throughput of an 802.11n client station in a 2.4 GHz HT BSS? (Choose 3)

Question50: What feature(s) are most likely to be supported by 802.11 enterprise-class WLAN controllers? (Choose 4)

Question51: What is a common feature of an 802.11 WLAN client utility? (Choose 2)

Question52: Which one of the following frequency ranges is not specified for use by IEEE 802.11 radios as of 802.11-
2012?

Question53: The client devices that connect to your network include a mix of dual-band 802.11n and 802.11ac, single- band 802.11b/g/n, and some 802.11a/g/n. Your access points are configured with the same SSID on both the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. The APs are also configured to prioritize client connectivity to 5 GHz.
How does an AP perform band steering to encourage clients to use 5 GHz?

Question54: What is the intended use for the WLAN hardware known as a pole or mast mount unit?

Question55: As a consultant, you've been hired by XYZ Company to provide recommendations about client device selection, operation, and interoperability. What information should be considered to help them choose the right WLAN client devices?

Question56: What answer correctly completes the following sentence?
____________ and physical carrier sense functions are used to determine if the wireless medium is busy.

Question57: Your consulting firm has recently been hired to complete a site survey for a company. Your engineers use predictive modeling software for surveying, but the company insists on a pre-deployment site visit.
What task should be performed as part of the pre-deployment visit to prepare for a predictive survey?

Question58: During the discovery and connectivity process, client and AP stations exchange information about their supported data rates. After the association, how do client and AP stations select the supported data rate that will be used to send an 802.11 data frame?

Question59: In a long-distance RF link, what statement about Fade Margin is true?

Question60: You have been sent as a consultant to a customer site that is experiencing problems with some 2.4 GHz clients on their 802.11a/g/n/ac network. After collecting information from the company about the problem, your initial troubleshooting step is to find a client device experiencing performance problems and observe its 802.11 frame exchanges in a protocol analyzer. The retransmission rate for that client is 65% instead of the company's baseline, which is 9%.
Based on this information, what troubleshooting step should follow to isolate the problem?

Question61: For what likely reasons might an organization choose to purchase an AP designed for outdoor deployment to use as an indoor WLAN AP at an industrial facility? (Choose 2)

Question62: As XYZ Company's wireless specialist, you have been asked to troubleshoot some unexpected frame patterns in a wireless protocol capture. Your peers explain that the network's beacon frames are inconsistent. That is, the BSSID is the same for all beacons, but the source address varies between three different addresses.
What network configuration would cause this beacon frame behavior?

Question63: What factors will have the most significant impact on the amount of wireless bandwidth available to each station within a BSS?

Question64: ABC Company is planning a point-to-multipoint outdoor bridge deployment with standalone (autonomous)
802.11 bridge units. 802.1X/EAP will be used for bridge authentication. A Linux-based RADIUS server will be used for authentication. What device in the bridge implementation acts as the 802.1X Authenticator?

Question65: What advantages does using predictive site survey modeling software offer over performing a manual site survey? (Choose 2)

Question66: As defined in the 802.11 specification, legacy Power Save requires an inefficient back-and-forth frame exchange process. Due to this inefficiency, many WLAN device implementations use a variation of 802.11 Power Save to accomplish the same function.
What non-standard power save behavior is used by most Wi-Fi devices in actual legacy Power Save implementations?

Question67: Two co-located 802.11b/g/n APs can interfere with one another and cause contention and collisions, even when the two APs are operating on non-overlapping channels (e.g. 1 & 6).
What deployment flaw could cause this problem?

Question68: XYZ Company has decided to install an 802.11 WLAN system that will support 1000 wireless users, but they are concerned about network security. XYZ is interested in deploying standardized security features.
In addition to WPA2-Enterprise with PEAP and role-based access control, XYZ would like to support management frame protection as well as a fast secure roaming protocol for future mobile handsets.
As XYZ Company selects a product to deploy, what two IEEE amendments, which are included in 802.11-
2012, should be supported to provide the management frame protection and fast secure roaming security features?

Question69: ABC Hospital is planning a Wi-Fi infrastructure upgrade where the 802.11b/g APs (HR/DSSS and ERP) would be replaced with new dual-radio 802.11n/802.11ac (HT and VHT) APs. ABC wants to minimize the time and cost associated with performing a new site survey, so they will be mounting all of the new APs in the same locations and with the same cable drops as the existing APs.
What is one performance drawback with this deployment method?

Question70: ABC Company has just purchased a 6 dBi patch antenna. After performing some tests with the 6 dBi antenna, they have concluded that more antenna gain is needed to cover their outdoor courtyard. When choosing an antenna with higher gain, what other antenna characteristic will also always change?

Question71: In a Wi-Fi client configuration utility, what feature is most likely to be user configurable?

Question72: The IEEE 802.11-2012 standard requires VHT capable devices to be backward compatible with devices using which other 802.11 physical layer specifications (PHYs)? (Choose 2)

Question73: The IEEE 802.11a/n/ac physical layer technologies utilize the 5 GHz frequency band. What is true of the channels in this frequency spectrum?

Question74: In an 802.11n 2.4 GHz BSS, what prevents each station from using the full network bandwidth (e.g. 130 Mbps) for user data throughput when multiple clients are actively exchanging data with the AP?

Question75: What term describes the effect of increasing the intensity of an RF wave with an antenna by focusing the energy in a specific direction?

Question76: If an 802.11 RF transmission reaches a receiving antenna simultaneously by direct and reflected paths, what effect will the reflected signal have on the signal that took the direct line-of-sight path?

Question77: In addition to throughput enhancements, what other improvements does a dual-band 802.11ac AP provide when compared with 802.11a/g APs? (Choose 2)

Question78: What is a channel mode specified by the 802.11n (High Throughput) PHY?

Question79: Which antenna types are commonly used by indoor Wi-Fi devices in a MIMO diversity implementation?
(Choose 2)

Question80: What features are most often configurable within 802.11 WLAN client utilities? (Choose 2)

Question81: The IEEE 802.11-2012 standard requires VHT capable devices to be backward compatible with devices using which other 802.11 physical layer specification (PHY)?

Question82: What statement about 802.3-2012, Clause 33 Power over Ethernet is true?

Question83: What problems may occur when there are hidden nodes in the BSS?

Question84: You were previously onsite at XYZ's facility to conduct a pre-deployment RF site survey. The WLAN has been deployed according to your recommendations and you are onsite again to perform a post- deployment validation survey.
When performing this type of post-deployment RF site survey for VoWiFi, what are two steps that must be performed? (Choose 2)

Question85: What word describes the bending of an RF signal as it passes through a medium of a varying density from that of free space?

Question86: In a single channel architecture (SCA) WLAN system, 802.11n (HT) APs should not share an SSID with
802.11g (ERP) APs.
What is the reason for this recommendation?

Question87: What statements about the beamwidth of an RF antenna are true? (Choose 2)

Question88: Users and Network support personnel at a mid-sized equipment manufacturer have been discussing the potential uses and benefits of implementing an indoor WLAN. The network administrator and network manager have requested a meeting of senior management personnel to discuss a WLAN implementation before performing a site survey or taking any implementation steps. The first topic of discussion in the meeting is the corporate policy concerning implementation and use of WLAN technology.
What specific topics are appropriate in this policy meeting? (Choose 2)

Question89: What phrase defines Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP)?

Question90: An 802.11 WLAN transmitter that emits a 50 mW signal is connected to a cable with 3 dB of loss. The cable is connected to an antenna with 16 dBi of gain.
What is the EIRP power output?

Question91: What mechanisms are specified by the IEEE 802.11 standard to attempt to prevent multiple radios from transmitting on the RF medium at a given point in time? (Choose 3)

Question92: What problem may exist for a multiple channel architecture (MCA) WLAN when its APs are all operating at full power (typically 100mW)?

Question93: What facts are true regarding controllers and APs in a Split MAC architecture? (Choose 2)

Question94: What statements accurately describe the RF cables and connectors that are used in an 802.11 WLAN system? (Choose 3)

Question95: In addition to coverage analysis results, what should be included in a site survey report to ensure WLAN users experience acceptable performance?

Question96: When replacing the antenna of a WLAN device with a similar antenna type that has a higher passive gain, what antenna characteristic will decrease?

Question97: What parameter of the client driver should be configured on a Windows computer to optimize moving from one AP to another within the ESS?

Question98: You are selecting antennas for a WLAN operating in the 5 GHz frequency band. What specifications should be evaluated for an antenna before it is implemented in this WLAN system?

Question99: Prior to association, what parameter can 802.11 client devices measure and use to select the optimal access point for association?

Question100: Return Loss is the decrease of forward energy in a system when some of the power is being reflected back toward the transmitter.
What will cause high return loss in an RF transmission system, including the radio, cables, connectors and antenna?